How does production of wind turbine components compare with burning fossil fuels?

What the science says... The average lifecycle emissions of coal is 77 times greater than wind energy. https://skepticalscience.com/comparison-of-wind-turbine-production-with-fossil-fuel-burning.htm Climate Myth... Producing and transporting wind turbine components releases more carbon dioxide than burning fossil fuels "[W]indmills are perhaps the worst boondoggle . . . because they require much more high quality energy to manufacture, install, maintain, and back up than [they] will ever produce." (Interstate Informed Citizens Coalition, Inc) On a lifecycle basis, wind power emits far less carbon dioxide than fossil fuels per kilowatt-hour of energy generated (Dolan & Heath 2012, Wang et al. 2019). According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the average lifecycle emissions of offshore and onshore wind turbines is 13 g CO2-eq/KWh.1 Lifecycle emissions for fossil fuels are much higher, with natural gas and coal releasing 486 g CO2-eq/KWh and 1001 g CO2-eq/KWh emissions, respectively.1 In other words, the average lifecycle emissions of wind energy is roughly 1/77th that of coal.1 Manufacturing accounts for only a small percentage (2.41%) of the lifecycle emissions for wind power turbines (Wang et al. 2019). Most turbine emissions come from transportation, which accounts for over 90% of emissions for both offshore and onshore operations. Once operational, wind turbines create clean, emissions-free energy that offsets the carbon dioxide emissions associated with production and transportation.2 Footnotes: [1] Nat’l Renewable Energy Laboratory, Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generation: Update (Sept. 2021) (Table 1). NREL calculates emissions intensity using grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. [2] Sara Peach, What's the Carbon Footprint of a Wind Turbine?, Yale Climate Connections (June 30, 2021). This rebuttal is based on the report "Rebutting 33 False Claims About Solar, Wind, and Electric Vehicles" written by Matthew Eisenson, Jacob Elkin, Andy Fitch, Matthew Ard, Kaya Sittinger & Samuel Lavine and published by the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia Law School in 2024. Skeptical Science sincerely appreciates Sabin Center's generosity in collaborating with us to make this information available as widely as possible. Last updated on 26 October 2024 by Sabin Center Team.

Fukushima Daiichi: How is the decommissioning process going to work?

Fukushima Daiichi: How is the decommissioning process going to work? : The decommissioning process for the Fukushima Daiichi site and surroundings is scheduled to be completed by 2051. It will require many innovations, and careful planning. Here are some of the details outlined at an event at the International Atomic Energy Agency's General Conference in Vienna. ;

MSR reactors are popping up in many places now!

https://spectrum.ieee.org/chinas-thorium-molten-salt-reactor exerpt: The attraction of thorium is that it can help achieve energy self-sufficiency by reducing dependence on uranium, particularly for countries such as India with enormous thorium reserves. But China may source it in a different way: The element is a waste product of China’s huge rare earth mining industry. Harnessing it would provide a practically inexhaustible supply of fuel. Already, China’s Gansu province has maritime and aerospace applications in mind for this future energy supply, according to the state-run Xinhua News Agency. Scant technical details of China’s reactor exist, and SINAP didn’t respond to IEEE Spectrum’s requests for information. The Chinese Academy of Sciences’ environmental-impact report states that the molten-salt reactor core will be 3 meters in height and 2.8 meters in diameter. It will operate at 700 °C and have a thermal output of 60 MW, along with 10 MW of electricity. Molten-salt breeder reactors are the most viable designs for thorium fuel, says Charles Forsberg, a nuclear scientist at MIT. In this kind of reactor, thorium fluoride dissolves in molten salt in the reactor’s core. To turn thorium-232 into fuel, it is irradiated to thorium-233, which decays into an intermediate, protactinium-233, and then into uranium-233, which is fissile. During this fuel-breeding process, protactinium is removed from the reactor core while it decays, and then it is returned to the core as uranium-233. Fission occurs, generating heat and then steam, which drives a turbine to generate electricity. But many challenges come along with thorium use. A big one is dealing with the risk of proliferation. When thorium is transformed into uranium-233, it becomes directly usable in nuclear weapons. “It’s of a quality comparable to separated plutonium and is thus very dangerous,” says Edwin Lyman, director of nuclear power safety at the Union of Concerned Scientists in Washington, D.C. If the fuel is circulating in and out of the reactor core during operation, this movement introduces routes for the theft of uranium-233, he says.

moltex energy is building an MSR to reduce the spent fuel rods in Eastern Canada

press release dated march 3 2025 Moltex has successfully validated WATTS on spent nuclear fuel bundles, therough state of the art hot cell experiments, at the Point Lepreau nuclear plant in New Brunswick. Advanced reactor company Moltex Energy Canada said it has successfully validated its waste to stable salt (WATSS) process on used nuclear fuel bundles from an unnamed Canadian commercial reactor through hot cell experiments conducted by Canadian Nuclear Laboratories. According to the company, WATSS is set to transform nuclear waste management by recycling nuclear waste to produce new fuel, providing a robust, commercially viable alternative to conventional direct disposal methods. Moltex intends to couple WATSS with the company’s stable salt reactor–wasteburner (SSR-W), transforming nuclear waste into clean energy while permanently eliminating long-lived transuranic elements like plutonium. WATSS can produce fuel for other reactor types as well, the company said. The process: Moltex said it has demonstrated that, using a chemical process, it can extract 90 percent of transuranic material in 24 hours, with greater efficiency over longer periods of time. According to the company, the advancement not only reduces nuclear waste volumes but also unlocks fresh economic opportunities for waste owners and utilities—options previously deemed unfeasible because of financial constraints and the availability of waste management capabilities. Under a 2020 collaboration agreement, CNL is supporting aspects of Moltex’s nuclear fuel development program for its SSR-W. Along with Moltex and the University of New Brunswick, CNL was tasked with designing, building, and optimizing a fuel testing apparatus at the university’s Centre for Nuclear Energy Research, with parallel complementary activities at the University of Manchester in England. In October 2024, Moltex announced that research has demonstrated that the SSR-W, a 300-MW small modular reactor design developed by teams in New Brunswick and Ontario in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, can consume as fuel the majority of transuranic elements present in used fuel bundles from Canada’s CANDU reactors. Developments: In 2021, the Canadian government awarded C$50.5 million (about $40.2 million) to Moltex to support SMR research and technology development in New Brunswick. In addition to the SSR-W and WATSS, the company is developing GridReserve, thermal energy storage tanks that will enable the SSR-W to act as a peaking plant. Moltex has the goal of deploying first-of-a-kind SSR-W, WATSS, and GridReserve units at the NB Power’s Point Lepreau site. In addition, Moltex’s U.K.-based sister company, MoltexFLEX, has advanced the FLEX reactor—a modular molten salt reactor designed for low-cost, flexible operation across electricity generation, hydrogen production, and industrial heat. https://www.moltexenergy.com/qa-how-does-moltex-recycle-nuclear-waste/

Gary Nolan interview with ross Coultard, Gary has had experiences since age 6!

And he reveals a lot more knowledge about recent events where ever more whistleblowers from inside the dark programs have comes forward, a situation he that he describes as the turning point to a new era much like like what Thomas Kuhn described in his famous book about the structure of scientific revolution, when a new paradigm takes hold and everything changes in how science operates. https://youtu.be/XR0JtbuLhPo?si=r9oa4nBCZr_bxUs6

The Paypal Mafia has an interesting religious angle that goes back a long way !

One of the people who lived with Escriva in Spain and learned under him was a young priest named Arne Panula. After Escriva’s death, as head of the Opus Dei house at Stanford University in the 1980s, Arne Panula, then in his mid-40s, met a young, gay undergraduate at Stanford who was the president of the Federalist Society. His name was Peter Thiel. They remained “close friends” until Panula’s death. Panula went on to head Opus Dei in America, ran Opus Dei’s K-street lobby Catholic Information Center (CIC) and founded the theocratic Leonine Forum. Leonard Leo was on the boards of both the CIC and Leonine Forum. read the rst here: https://www.mind-war.com/p/catholic-coup-jd-vance-paypal-mafia

Eavor energy German project

https://apnews.com/article/energy-transition-gas-geothermal-geretsried-germany-heat-electricity-89a356c70851938963314b3882377247

Fervo energy shows promising future with flexible output geothermal

First Audience Question Well, thanks to both of you for a great discussion and hearing some things we, in following this area, haven't heard before. I talked to a couple of your colleagues at the break and I didn't swab them too hard, but I'll swab you. You talked about scalability in your blue sky view to the degree that you're comfortable talking about it, Tim, how do we downscale? Because people are talking about small nuclear reactors that, if everything goes right, are going to take 10 years between permitting execution. You can fill a pad and drill it out in a year or two. Tim Latimer Yes, I think I heard — you know, how do we scale beyond these hotspots and also how do we maybe do smaller projects to tackle this market? David Roberts Smallest viable. Like, is it distributed at all? What's the smallest viable project size? Tim Latimer Five or 10 megawatts is probably as small as we'd go. I could say what we've learned through doing these projects is our products do benefit from economies of scale. There's a reason why we're pushing for multi-hundred megawatt projects. And so, that's what we're pushing on right now. I can tell you that we are looking to go smaller. And to go smaller, you have to get more value for it, right? Because no one wants to pay more for electricity unless you're getting something there. So, when we look to go smaller, that is because we are looking for a direct heat business that may have a different load and clean heat is incredibly valuable. And as proud as we are about the conversion efficiencies going from heat to power that we have on our sites, you're still talking about low-grade heat that only has somewhere between a 15 to 20% conversion efficiency. So, if you can just keep a direct heat, there's a lot more you can do there. So, we definitely see that going forward. Fervo is certainly not the only company in the space too. I mean, I think I've been really excited to see the ecosystem around geothermal grow up. I think Bedrock is a company that just announced a $12 million Series A just last week, and they're going after more building heating and cooling things. So, I think there are things you can do to go smaller. It may not be what Fervo does right away, but there are other companies out there and it's a big market. Moving beyond the basin and range and the East African Rift and things, it's just a function of drilling costs. If you can drill a 20,000-foot deep well tomorrow for the cost of a 10,000-foot deep well today, you can make that project in the money. And so, that's why we're so relentlessly focused on dropping drilling costs, because ultimately we don't see any geology as being a place that's not developable. It's just how ambitious can we get on driving drilling costs down? Second Audience Question So, my question is: The comparison was made between geothermal, nuclear, and natural gas, and it always is. But my question is a comparison question as well between Fervo geothermal and traditional geothermal. If on your eight-well pad, where you're generating 30 megawatts of power, if Joe Geothermal, the traditional geothermal guy, rocked up and drilled those, their typical eight wells on that same location, what do you think they would have produced or what would it have cost or what? You know, pick your metric. I'm just trying to draw an apples-to-apples comparison. Tim Latimer Yeah, I think that if you look at the well test results, well number one, conventional geothermal technology probably wouldn't have gotten much of anything because it's so reliant on natural permeability. But if there were to be, like I mentioned this before between Los Alamos and really when Fervo started, there's been about 50 different EGS attempts and the vast majority of them got 5 liters per second to 10 liters per second if they were successful. And many of the projects didn't even get to a flow test. And you compare that to 60 liters per second on our pilot project, and we got to 120 liters per second on our flow test there. So, we're at least one order of magnitude more productive than what any prior enhanced geothermal systems attempt had been. And that's why in 2025, we're talking about EGS and it's not on the fringes anymore. Third Audience Question Oh, sorry, man. I have a technical question for you. So, I know geothermal is lumped into baseload, which is so hot right now, but was not so hot just a year or two ago when solar was ascendant and we wanted everything to be very flexible, right? And still, in some places, I expect flexibility will be the premium thing and not the baseload. So, can you tell us, can you be flexible and how much with geothermal? Is there a problem with depleting the well or having it, you know, lose? David Roberts Oh, I love this question and I love the answer. Tim Latimer "Yes" is the answer. So, we actually have a technology that we've developed. And actually, you know, I haven't mentioned it a lot, but we've gotten a wonderful partnership with the Department of Energy for the last eight years since we started Fervo. We expect it to continue under the new administration as well. And one of the things we got was an RPE grant just to test the technology we call Fervo Flex. And actually, at that pilot in Northern Nevada, I can tell you the last year of production, we just brought it on as baseload. Because as you can imagine, in an offtake agreement that's megawatt-hour based, that's your incentive as a developer. But we know where the market's going and we know baseload went from being the thing to being dead to now the phoenix rising from the ashes. But clearly, the electric grid of the future is going to be one that's driven by ever-increasing levels of variability. So we do think that dispatchability attribute is going to continue to be important. And so, what was interesting about Fervo Flex is we, basically through this ARPA-E grant, were able to test our well system in Nevada to operate in a storage and dispatchability mode. And I think one of the things that's interesting about the way we develop our systems is the fact that there's no permeability for the last hundred years has meant that you can't develop geothermal there. But because it's impermeable, it actually gives us an interesting way to do energy storage. Because the only permeability that ends up in the geothermal reservoir is the fractures that we create, and the surrounding area is actually impermeable. And so, what that means is that we operated the mode in a flexible cycle where we shut in our production well and kept pumping down our injection well. We mimicked specifically sort of 12-hour diurnal cycles of no production, flush production, no production, to sort of simulate a solar heavy grid of the future. And found that we got really great numbers on round trip efficiency. You know, we were able to actually get much higher max peak output than our steady state operations through that energy storage.

Killer Patents & Secret Science Vol. 1 | Free Energy & Anti-Gravity Cove...

UFO Crash Retrieval: Jake Barber’s FIRSTHAND Story [Interview with Jesse Michels }

interview with Bob Dean who read the 1963 NATO report that Paul Hellyer mentioned too, and another with Marcia Dean, contactee

bob dean interview about the nato report of 1963, same one paul hellyer mentioned he read https://www.stealthskater.com/Documents/Dean_03.pdf bob dean speaks out i a long interview https://www.stealthskater.com/Documents/Dean_04.pdf wife marcia was a contactee from infancy and wrote a book about it https://www.stealthskater.com/Documents/PHill_03.pdf I feel it appropriate to include here some quotes from his book as they apply to my observations. Paul R. Hill Unconventional Flying Objects: a Scientific Analysis from the Introduction

UFO whistleblower Jake Barber would '100% testify' under oath to Congres...

As Jake spoke, he was overwhelmed with the rapture, and he told that It was the most beautiful experience, of love, a feminine energy like my mother, my sister, maybe like a god but not a masculine one, it provided a sense of guidance and gave me a sense of how important this moment was, and it lived inside on the entire flight to the drop off zone. It was so overwhelming that i began to cry, i was possessed by the most beautiful spirit, as his eyes light up, and i was so moved as he was, he says it was a frequency he was connected with, a feminine energy of overwhekming love and sadness, this feeling has stayed with him, and it is guiding his life, it changed his life, made me a better, more sensitive and aware person, which would be a good quality for all people on this world.... the long interview, 2hr 45 minutes has a lot of powerful info about octagonal craft he retrieved as well as the egg. https://youtu.be/t37-SKj4rtY?si=vLi2dySNUJ19iqxi Attachments area Preview YouTube video UFO whistleblower Jake Barber would '100% testify' under oath to Congress | Reality Check

Fire destroys the third biggest battery in the world in California battery, and, no surprise, LG Chem inside!

So why would anybody buy that notorious brand that caused recalls in GM Bolt, Hyundai Kona, and Jaguar I pace, among others... Even Tesla home storage now uses LFP batteries!